Juvenile green sturgeon (Acipenser medirostris) and white sturgeon (Acipenser transmontanus) behavior near water-diversion fish screens: experiments in a laboratory swimming flume

نویسندگان

  • Jamilynn B. Poletto
  • Dennis E. Cocherell
  • Natalie Ho
  • Joseph J. Cech
  • Peter Klimley
  • Nann A. Fangue
چکیده

Water diversions that extract fresh water for urban, industrial, and agricultural uses, as well as export to southern California, are prevalent throughout the Sacramento–San Joaquin watershed. Many water diversions are fitted with fishexclusion screens designed to prevent fish from entrainment (i.e., being drawn in). The impact of fish screens on the behavior of migrating juvenile fishes remains largely unknown, especially for threatened species such as sturgeon. We placed individual juvenile green (Acipenser medirostris) or white (Acipenser transmontanus) sturgeon in a laboratory swimming flume in the presence of standard fish screens (2mmbar spacing) at two field-relevant water velocities (20.4 ± 0.1 and 37.3 ± 0.3 cm·s−1). Fish were tested at 18 °C for 15min during the day or night and in the presence of possible behavioral deterrents. Behavioral responses, including screen contacts, impingements, and time spent near screens were quantified. Green sturgeon contacted and impinged upon the screens twice as frequently as white sturgeon and also differed in how their behaviors were altered by water velocities and time of day. Our results are informative in developing effectivemanagement strategies tomitigate the impacts of water diversions on sturgeon populations and suggest that effective restoration strategies for both species should be considered separately. Résumé : Les déviations de cours d'eau pour l'extraction d'eau douce pour des usages urbains, industriels ou agricoles et pour l'exportation vers le sud de la Californie sont répandues dans tout le bassin versant de Sacramento–San Joaquin. De nombreuses déviations de cours d'eau sont dotées de grilles d'exclusion des poissons conçues pour prévenir l'entraînement de poissons (c.-à-d. leur entréedans ladéviation). L'impact de ces grilles sur le comportementdespoissonsmigrateurs juvéniles demeure largementméconnu, particulièrement en ce qui concerne des espèces menacées comme l'esturgeon. Nous avons placé des esturgeons verts (Acipenser medirostris) ou blancs (Acipenser transmontanus) juvéniles dans un canal de nage en laboratoire, en présence de grilles à poissons normales (espacement des barreaux de 2 mm) et à deux vitesses du courant pertinentes en ce qui concerne les conditions de terrain (20,4 ± 0,1 et 37,3 ± 0,3 cm·s−1). Les essais avec les poissons ont étémenés à 18 °C pendant 15min durant le jour ou la nuit et en présence d'éléments pouvant avoir un effet dissuasif. Les réactions comportementales, y compris les contacts avec les grilles, les collisions et le temps passé près des grilles, ont été quantifiées. Les contacts et les collisions des esturgeons verts avec les grilles étaient deux fois plus fréquents que ceux des esturgeons blancs, et lesmodifications des comportements selon la vitesse de l'eau et lemoment de la journée étaient égalementdifférentes pour les deux espèces.Nos résultats fournissent de l'informationutile pour l'élaborationde stratégies de gestion efficaces visant à atténuer les impacts des déviations de cours d'eau sur les populations d'esturgeons et donnent à penser que des stratégies de rétablissement efficaces devraient être examinées séparément pour les deux espèces. [Traduit par la Rédaction]

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تاریخ انتشار 2014